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ModaLens: Measuring Image Sensitivity in Report-Conditioned Medical VLMs

ModaLens evaluates how the availability of a radiology report affects the sensitivity of medical vision-language models (VLMs) when images are swapped. Experiments on 3,199 MIMIC-CXR cases showed that report availability reduced image-swap sensitivity, with a 16.7-point increase in answer changes when the report was present. The study highlights the influence of textual context on model behavior, though visual correctness conclusions are limited by report-derived labels.

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PublishedSeptember 14, 2026Sebastián Andrés Cajas Ordóñez, Maximin Lange, Quang Bui
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WHY IT MAY MATTER

This study provides insights into how medical vision-language models rely on textual context rather than visual data when reports are available, which is important for understanding model decision-making in clinical settings.

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