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StableVQ: Practical Guidelines for Stable Vector-Quantized Tokenizer Training

This paper introduces StableVQ, a method for improving the training stability of vector-quantized tokenizers by addressing the entanglement between encoder-decoder and codebook training. It proposes three key components: Dynamic STE for encoder stability, Region VQ Loss for codebook learning, and Decoupled Schedule for separate optimization dynamics. Experiments on ImageNet show improved training stability, codebook utilization, and reconstruction quality.

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PublishedSeptember 22, 2026Bao Tang, Jiahao Guo, Haoxiang Cao
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This method improves training stability for discrete visual tokenizers used in image generation models by addressing the entanglement between different components of the system.

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